Ceramic Matrix Composites
As a kind of composite material prepared by combining ceramics with various fibers, it has the characteristics of high strength and high toughness. Ceramic-based composite materials have become necessary for many cutting-edge technology fields such as aerospace, defense, aerodynamics, space propulsion, space stations, spacecraft, nuclear industry, chemical industry, etc., such as liquid rocket engine nozzles, missile radomes, space shuttle noses Cone, aircraft brake disc and high-end automobile brake disc, etc.
Classification of ceramic matrix composites
It mainly exists in two forms of crystalline and amorphous compounds. According to the different compound elements, it can be divided into oxide ceramics, carbide ceramics, nitride ceramics, and materials that exist in the form of mixed oxides.
(1) Oxide ceramic substrate
There are mainly alumina ceramics, zirconia ceramics and so on. For example, zirconia ceramics have high strength, high hardness and high chemical resistance. Its toughness is the highest among ceramics. With its wear resistance, it can be used to make drawing dies, bearings, seals, medical artificial bones, and automobile engine plugs. Roof, cylinder head bottom plate and automobile lining, etc.
(2) Nitride ceramic substrate
Mainly compounds of nitrogen and transition metals (such as titanium, vanadium, niobium, zirconium, tantalum, hafnium), and nitride ceramics in which aluminum and oxygen are dissolved in silicon nitride but still maintain the structure of silicon nitride. Such as silicon nitride ceramics, aluminum nitride ceramics, boron nitride ceramics and so on.
(3) Carbide ceramic matrix
This is the general term for silicon, titanium and other transition metal carbides, among which boron carbide ceramics are the main ones. Boron carbide is a low-density, high-melting, high-hardness ceramic. Boron carbide powder can be formed into a dense material through preparation techniques such as pressureless sintering and hot pressing.
(4) Glass and glass ceramic substrate
Glass substrate: high silica glass, borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, etc.
Glass ceramic matrix: Under certain conditions, glass can crystallize, and due to the orderly arrangement of atoms at the melting point, the volume suddenly becomes smaller, forming crystallized glass, namely glass ceramics. Such as aluminum lithium silicate glass ceramics, magnesium aluminum silicate glass ceramics and so on.
(5) Other ceramic substrates
Such as boride ceramics, silicide ceramics, etc.
Some of China's leading ceramic matrix composite materials development and research institutions:
(1) Ceramic-based composite materials of ZKSH Institute of Silicate
ZKSH has carried out in-depth and systematic research in the field of advanced carbide ceramic matrix composites, and has made a lot of results in the design, molding, densification, performance control and other aspects of ceramic matrix composites. From the material preform structure design, interface structure and function Based on optimization, matrix modification and performance control, a series of carbide ceramic matrix composites with excellent characteristics and their key preparation technologies have been developed to realize the controllable preparation and application of carbide ceramic matrix composites.
In recent years, focusing on the application requirements of ceramic matrix composites in extreme environments, we have focused on the preparation technology of advanced carbide ceramic matrix composites that can be used in extreme high temperature, strong corrosion, high stress and other single or multi-factor coupled environments. Significant progress has been made in the engineering application of ceramic matrix composites.
Research direction
·Fiber-interface-matrix interaction mechanism and key scientific issues
·New preparation method of composite materials based on NITE technology
·Evaluation of service behavior of ceramic matrix composites under multi-field coupling conditions
·Structural-function integrated ceramic matrix composite design and construction
·Exploration and development of macro-ordered intelligent preparation technology of low-dimensional nanomaterials
(2) SDGY Ceramic Matrix Composite Materials Engineering Technology Research Center
SDGY relies on Shandong University of Technology, jointly established by SD Industrial Ceramics Research and Design Institute and SDGY Advanced Ceramic Technology Corporation New Material Technology Co., Ltd. In July 2009, it passed the inspection and acceptance organized by the SD Department of Science and Technology with "excellent" results.
SDGY utilizes the advantages of the technical support units of the national new material achievement transformation and industrialization base to actively attract domestic and foreign new materials (especially composite materials and high-tech ceramics) achievements, use the center's advantages to transform and develop, and realize it as soon as possible Industrialization has enabled ceramic matrix composites and high-tech ceramics to gain advantages in market competition. At the same time, appropriate research and development of metal matrix composites, carbon/carbon matrix composites, polymer matrix composites, and functional composites will drive regional economic development.
Research direction
The formed ceramic filter design and preparation technology has good environmental and social benefits; the preparation technology of porous ceramics can provide filter media for air purification, smelting, etc., and has a good market prospect; the liquid forming technology of composite materials can be large-scale composite Material products (such as yachts, wind turbine blades, etc.) provide technical support; the preparation technology of microporous ceramics has good application prospects in catalyst carriers.
(3) Ceramic Matrix Composite Engineering Center of SXXB University of Technology
The SXXB Ceramic Matrix Composites Engineering Center of Northwestern Polytechnical University was officially inaugurated on October 6, 2008 at the Yanliang Aviation Industry Base in Xi'an. The engineering center has won the first prize of national technology invention technology as its core, and is based on the key national defense laboratory, facing new attempts and new platforms for engineering applications and industrial development.
The ceramic matrix composites team, as the core support team of the key laboratory of ultra-high temperature structural composite materials, has been engaged in the manufacture and application technology research of ceramic matrix composites for 20 years, and is the pioneer of this technology field in China and the engineering application of this material. Leader. The team was awarded the title of Excellent Science and Technology Innovation Team in the National Defense Science and Technology Industry among the first batch. The ultra-high temperature structure composite material team with ceramic matrix composite material team as the main body was selected into the first batch of innovation teams of the Ministry of Education, and was supported twice by the National Natural Science Foundation of China's Innovation Research Group Project, and won the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Team Award.